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Phase-matching Bandwidth

Definition: the width of an optical frequency range in which some process (e.g. a nonlinear interaction) can be efficient due to sufficiently precise phase matching

German: Phasenanpassungsbandbreite

Category: nonlinear optics

Author: Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta

Cite the article using its DOI: https://doi.org/10.61835/vr0

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A parametric nonlinear interaction can lead to an efficient exchange of energy only when phase matching is achieved. Essentially this means that a constant phase relationship between the interacting waves is maintained along the propagation direction. Due to chromatic dispersion, phase matching can be achieved only in a limited bandwidth, which is related to the group velocity mismatch of the interacting waves. For example, consider an optical parametric oscillator with angular frequencies <$\omega_\textrm{p}$>, <$\omega_\textrm{s}$> and <$\omega_\textrm{i}$> for pump, signal and idler, respectively. The phase mismatch is given by a difference of wavenumbers:

$$\Delta k = {k_{\rm{p}}} - {k_{\rm{s}}} - {k_{\rm{i}}}$$

If the signal frequency is varied while the pump frequency is constant, the phase mismatch varies according to

$$\frac{\partial }{{\partial {\omega _{\rm{s}}}}}\Delta k = \frac{{\partial {k_{\rm{s}}}}}{{\partial {\omega _{\rm{s}}}}} - \frac{{\partial {k_{\rm{i}}}}}{{\partial {\omega _{\rm{i}}}}} = \frac{1}{{{\upsilon _{{\rm{g,s}}}}}} - \frac{1}{{{\upsilon _{{\rm{g,i}}}}}}$$

where the second term arises from the fact that the idler frequency automatically adjusts itself to the modified signal frequency. The two derivatives can be related to the inverse group velocities of the two waves, as indicated in the equation. The phase-matching bandwidth is usually defined as the bandwidth in which the phase mismatch (as is accumulated over the whole length of the device) varies by 2.7831 rad. (This corresponds to the half-width of the conversion efficiency curve.) For a crystal with length <$L$>, this means that the phase-matching bandwidth is

$$\Delta \omega = \frac{{2.7831}}{{\left| {\frac{1}{{{\upsilon _{{\rm{g,i}}}}}} - \frac{1}{{{\upsilon _{{\rm{g,s}}}}}}} \right|L}}$$

Modified phase-matching bandwidth parameters can be defined for different conditions, e.g. for the variation of the pump wavelength for a fixed signal wavelength, where the group velocity mismatch between pump and idler occurs in the equation.

The time-domain equivalent of a limited phase-matching bandwidth is a temporal walk-off, as is already apparent from the fact that the group velocity mismatch is involved.

Angular Phase-matching Bandwidth

Sometimes, the terms angular acceptance bandwidth and angular phase-matching bandwidth occur in the literature. They basically mean the range of propagation angles for which critical phase matching can be achieved. The angular bandwidth is related to spatial walk-off.

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