DBm

Author: the photonics expert Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta (RP)

Definition: dB relative to a reference power of 1 mW

Categories: article belongs to category optical amplifiers optical amplifiers, article belongs to category lightwave communications lightwave communications

DOI: 10.61835/0vn Cite the article: BibTex plain text HTML Link to this page LinkedIn

In electronic engineering and also in photonics, power levels are frequently specified with dBm values, which are a logarithmic measure. They are defined as decibels relative to a reference power level of 1 mW. It is thus a dimensionless unit, actually specifying a power ratio rather than a power.

For example, 0 dBm corresponds to 1 mW, 10 dBm to 10 mW and 20 dBm to 100 mW. Each increase of the power by a factor of ten (e.g. caused by an optical amplifier with 10 dB gain) adds 10 dBm.

Typical Applications

dBm values are convenient e.g. in the context of systems containing amplifiers because one may simply add an amplifier gain in dB to obtain the dBm value of the amplified power level. Similarly, one can subtract dB values specifying power losses. Therefore, such specifications are quite common in optical fiber communications, where gain and losses occur in fiber amplifiers, at fiber splices and within passive optical fibers, for example. Optical spectrum analyzers and optical power monitors also often display dBm values.

In the context of electronics, even voltages and currents (e.g. of audio signals) are often specified in dBm; this is possible by assuming a certain reference value of the impedance, which may e.g. be 50 Ω or 600 Ω. With such an impedance value, one can calculate the electrical power associated with a voltage or current, and thus calculate the dBm value.

dBm in Spectral Quantities

Such logarithmic specifications can look somewhat confusing in the context of spectral quantities. For example, if a spectral flux, which would normally have to units of W/nm (or W/Hz), is specified with dBm/nm, this should not be understood as “dBm per nanometer”, but rather as “dBm in a bandwidth of 1 nm”. One should be aware that the dBm value would not double if the reference bandwidth were increased to 2 nm; instead, it would rise by 3 dBm.

More to Learn

Encyclopedia articles:

decibel

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