The RP Photonics Encyclopedia

This comprehensive open-access encyclopedia, authored by Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta and provided by RP Photonics, covers much of the areas of optics and photonics. Further below you find a list of examples, demonstrating the coverage of the field.

The encyclopedia huge – by now containing 1020 full articles – not only definitions as in a dictionary or a glossary. Substantial work has been invested and is further invested to provide all information with advanced textbook quality. Many references to selected scientific articles and textbooks aid further studies.

The consistent quality of this resource is widely acknowledged in the field. This concerns the technical and scientific content, making it highly useful for professional work, but also many other aspects. For example, the website is designed for easy reading and has a clear navigation structure. It allows for advertising, but never in an intrusive way and without ever touching user privacy. Its clean and well tested code provides a fast response and is highly secure against hacker risks – it received security grade A⁺ at Mozilla Observatory.

The encyclopedia is freely accessible via this website – without registration, and with full privacy. (You can use it with complete anonymity.) Huge numbers of professionals worldwide, working either in the photonics industry or in scientific research, use this resource on a regular basis. An early version of the encyclopedia has become available as a two-volume book, published via Wiley-VCH in 2008.

With this work, RP Photonics provides a much appreciated service to both the photonics industry and the academic community worldwide. Generations of students and photonics professionals have already benefited by learning facts and context.

Since 2012, the encyclopedia is intimately linked with the RP Photonics Buyer's Guide, a resource for finding suppliers of optics and photonics products. The combination of encyclopedia and buyer's guide is ideal for users making informed purchase decisions, and it also provides excellent opportunities for the marketing of photonics products.

Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta, the author of the encyclopedia, offers a broad range of consulting services in topical areas like lasers, amplifiers, nonlinear optics and fiber optics via RP Photonics. His competence is available for development projects, or for tailored staff training courses performed at the customer's location. Also, he has developed powerful simulation software for work in laser technology, fiber optics and thin-film optics.

Besides the encyclopedia articles, there are related pages, which you can reach via the menu on the top of this page:

• Grouping of the articles into topical categories
• Glossary of photonics terms and list of formula symbols
• RP Photonics Buyer's Guide, the ideal place for informing experts on photonics products
• The Photonics Spotlight is a blog with interesting news in photonics and laser technology (also available as a newsletter). The latest articles:
  • Launching Light into Step-Index Multimode Fibers
  • Encyclopedia Articles on Laser Material Processing
  • 1000 Articles in the RP Photonics Encyclopedia
  • Wavelength or Optical Frequency, What Is the Better Specification?
  • Luminance – a Term which is Worth Some Thoughts
  • Improvements of the RP Photonics Website
  • Beam Radius and Beam Quality of Laser Pulses
  • New Information Channel of RP Photonics: the RP Photonics Marketing News
  • Time to Start Digital Marketing with RP Photonics – with a Discount
  • Digital and Interactive Methods of Supporting the Photonics Industry
• The Photonics Quiz with a number of questions on lasers and related areas
• Opportunities for advertising in the encyclopedia
• Suggestions concerning the use of the encyclopedia
• Hints for making links on your own web page and for citing encyclopedia articles
• Feedback: send comments and suggestions to RP Photonics

Here you can get an overview on the topics which are covered by this encyclopedia. Note that these are only examples; in total we have 1020 encyclopedia articles.

• General optics: geometrical optics, imaging, optical aberrations, entrance and exit pupil, Kramers–Kronig relations, Fourier spectrum, Gaussian beams, Hermite–Gaussian modes, Gouy phase shift, beam quality, brightness, optical resonators, waveguide dispersion, finesse, coherence, phase velocity and group velocity, superluminal transmission and causality, color vision
• Optical instruments and devices: photo cameras, loupes, microscopes, telescopes, interferometers, Bragg mirrors, beam shapers, optical filters, electro-optic modulators, acousto-optic modulators, optical tweezers, arrayed waveguide gratings, integrating spheres, mode cleaner cavities, Lyot filters, optical spectrum analyzers

• Optoelectronics: photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes, phototransistors, photocathodes, photomultipliers, photon counting, laser diodes, quantum cascade lasers, light-emitting diodes, superluminescent diodes, photonic integrated circuits, silicon photonics, electroabsorption modulators, opto-isolators, image sensors
• Nonlinear optics: nonlinear crystal materials, intracavity or resonant frequency doubling, sum and difference frequency generation, optical parametric oscillators, parametric generators and amplifiers, Brillouin and Raman scattering, self- and cross-phase modulation, four-wave mixing, quasi-phase matching
• Fiber optics: high power fiber lasers and amplifiers, Raman amplifiers, single-mode and multi-mode fibers, rare-earth-doped fibers, double-clad fibers, dispersion-shifted fibers, photonic crystal fibers, fiber Bragg gratings, adiabatic soliton compression, nonlinear polarization rotation
• Lasers and amplifiers: laser design and development, laser resonators, fiber-coupled diode lasers, diode-pumped lasers, fiber lasers, erbium-doped amplifiers, laser and amplifier noise, power scaling, upconversion lasers, amplified spontaneous emission, beam pointing fluctuations, spatial hole burning, relaxation oscillations, red, green and blue lasers, cryogenic lasers, laser modeling, laser safety
• Non-laser light sources: gas discharge lamps, arc and flash lamps, fluorescent lamps, mercury vapor lamps, metal halide lamps, high intensity discharge lamps, xenon lamps, sodium vapor lamps, superluminescent sources
• Light pulses: bandwidth-limited pulses, parabolic pulses, mode-locked lasers, additive-pulse mode locking, regenerative amplifiers, chirped-pulse amplification, transform limit, pulse characterization, time–bandwidth product, frequency combs, timing jitter, parabolic pulses, Q-switched lasers
• Laser material processing: laser cutting, drilling, welding, soldering and brazing, laser surface modification, hardening, laser additive manufacturing, laser micromachining, laser processing heads
• Optical communications: optical fiber communications, fiber-optic links and networks, telecom windows, free-space optical communications, space division multiplexing, amplifier noise, bit error rate, bandwidth–distance product, optical modulators, photonic integrated circuits
• Optical spectroscopy: laser absorption spectroscopy, time-resolved spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, multipass gas cells, spectrometers, spectrophotometers, tunable lasers, mid-infrared laser sources
• Quantum optics and quantum effects: squeezed states of light, Glauber states, quantum wells, quantum dots, light forces, laser cooling, quantum noise, shot noise, Schawlow–Townes linewidth, quantum cryptography
• Noise in optics: noise specifications, power spectral density, timing jitter, Gordon–Haus jitter, quantum noise, squeezed states of light, standard quantum limit, shot noise, relative intensity noise, phase noise, noise eaters, linewidth, stabilization of lasers

This encyclopedia is not a static resource, but is constantly further extended to cover more topics and more details. Here you find the latest articles:

We also offer an RSS-Feed for new articles.

Here are some randomly selected articles – just to make you curious:

• specular reflection
• phase noise
• photonics
• phosphors
• optical frequency multipliers
• dielectric mirrors
• Rabi oscillations
• cavities
• coherent beam combining
• industrial lasers
• distance measurements with lasers
• Kelly sidebands
• thermal radiation
• polarization mode dispersion
• aperture stops
• sodium vapor lamps
• Lyot filters
• temporal walk-off
• optical refrigeration
• pyroelectric detectors

Note that articles from the Photonics Spotlight and the RP Software News are not listed here; check them separately!