Master Oscillator Fiber Amplifier
Acronym: MOFA or MOPFA
Definition: a laser system containing a fiber amplifier for boosting the output power
More general term: master oscillator power amplifier
Categories: fiber optics and waveguides, laser devices and laser physics, optical amplifiers
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Author: Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta
URL: https://www.rp-photonics.com/master_oscillator_fiber_amplifier.html
The term master oscillator fiber amplifier (MOFA, MOPFA, or fiber MOPA) is a variation of the term master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA), meaning a system containing a laser oscillator and a power amplifier, where the latter is a fiber amplifier. The latter is usually a cladding-pumped high-power amplifier, often based on an ytterbium-doped fiber. The main attractions of such fiber-based power amplifiers are:
- A high output power can be achieved with a high power efficiency.
- The cooling system can be relatively simple.
- The beam quality can be high; it is often close to diffraction-limited.
- The gain can easily be as high as tens of decibels. For comparison, most bulk amplifiers, particularly those with high average output power, have a much lower gain, often only of the order of 3 dB.
However, the use of fibers also has disadvantages:
- Various kinds of optical fiber nonlinearities can make it difficult to reach very high peak powers and pulse energies in pulsed systems. For example, a few millijoules of pulse energy in a nanosecond pulse system are already considered high for a fiber device, whereas bulk lasers can provide much higher energies. In single-frequency systems, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) can severely limit the output power.
- Due to the high gain, fiber amplifiers are relatively sensitive to back-reflections e.g. from a workpiece. At high power levels, it is not easy to use a Faraday isolator for solving this problem, particularly when a high suppression of reflected light is required.
- The polarization state is often undefined and unstable, unless polarization-maintaining fibers are used.
It can be attractive to use a gain-switched laser diode (→ picosecond diode lasers) as seed laser for a fiber MOPA. Such devices compete with Q-switched lasers, e.g. for application in laser marking. Their advantages partly lie in their flexibility concerning output formats: it is easy to modify not only the pulse repetition rate but also the pulse duration and shape, and of the course the pulse energy.
A special aspect of MOFAs is that the saturation power even of a large mode area double-clad fiber is low compared with the typical output power. Therefore, the power extraction can be as efficient as in a fiber laser, even for relatively low seed powers.
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See also: master oscillator power amplifier, optical amplifiers, fiber amplifiers, high-power fiber lasers and amplifiers, The Photonics Spotlight 2008-09-24, The Photonics Spotlight 2008-12-16
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